Jodan

Upper area

Chudan

Middle area

Gedan

Lower area

Ashi kaete

Change feet (other foot forward)

Choku

Straight

Gambate!

Don't give up! / Do your best!

Hajime

Begin

Hidari

To the left

Kamae

Assume a defensive posture (guard up)

Keiko hajime!

Begin training!

Kiai

Emit an audible focus of energy

Kiotsuke

Come to attention

Kiritsu

Stand up

Kokyu

Single Ibuki breath

Mae

Front, forward

Mokuso

Meditate

Mate

Wait

Mawashite

Turn (in a circular direction)

Mawate

Turn around

Migi

To the right

Mokuto

Continuous Ibuki breathing

Mou ichi do

Repeat (again) or “one more time”

Naka

To the center

Otagai-ni

Face your partner

Rei

Bow

Seiza

Assume formal kneeling position

Sensei-ni

Face the teacher

Shomen-ni

Face the head wall of the dojo

Te kaete

Change hands (other hand forward)

Ushiro

Back, rear

Yame

End, finish, or STOP!

Yoi

Ready

Yoko

Side